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Excellence in Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy • Impedance Spectroscopy • Conductivity Spectroscopy

Dielectric Spectroscopy, Conductivity Spectroscopy, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

All these methods basically measure the impedance spectrum Z*(ω) of a sample material arranged between two or more electrodes. The sample material may be liquid or solid. The measured spectra are further evaluated by the following two research areas.

Both for material spectroscopy and EIS, the measured spectra are further processed with special procedures depending on the sample type. Generally, material specific models are matched by non linear curve fitting procedures to the measured data. As the models may include results from other material characterization methods, a link between the several techniques can be established in order to get more general information.

Permittivity ε*(ω), conductivity σ*(ω) and permeability μ*(ω) spectra are fundamental material parameters. With modern equipment, they can be accurately and automatically determined from some mHz up to several GHz (15 decades) for nearly all kind of materials. Sample preparation requires only little effort. Equipment costs are low compared to other material analysis methods.

The combination of these features make the methods of dielectric spectroscopy, conductivity spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy both  powerful and valuable tools, especially since electrical materials properties are of particular interest both for fundamental and application-oriented research. The method is applied by different scientific communities to various kinds of materials and problems. Although the principle of measurement is always the same, researchers, materials, underlying theories, models and equipment requirements may be quite different.